They are subjected to a higher rate of TDS and aren't eligible for several deductions.

The government has closed the small savings window for non resident Indians (NRIs). Till now, NRIs were allowed to keep their PPF accounts and NSCs but not extend them after maturity. The new rules say that existing PPF accounts will be deemed closed and NSCs will be treated as encashed when one becomes an NRI. These investments will now earn just 4% till maturity.

These new rules add to the long list of financial discrimination that NRIs face in India. The tax rules for NRIs are quite different from those that apply to resident citizens. Though there is no tax on foreign income, the tax reporting is very elaborate, the TDS rules are quite stiff and NRIs don't enjoy some of the tax privileges that normal citizens are eligible for.

For instance, NRIs are also not eligible for certain tax deductions, including medical treatment of disabled dependent (under Sec 80DD), treatment of family member suffering from specified diseases (under Sec 80DDB), disability of self or dependent (under Sec 80U) or royalty income (under Sec 80QQB).

TDS can be a pain

Tax deduction at source (TDS) is a major pain point for NRIs. Resident investors in stocks and mutual funds are not subjected to TDS, but NRIs are. Short-term capital gains from stocks are subject to 15% TDS, while those from debt funds and debentures, gold and property are slapped a higher rate of 30%. Even long-term gains from property and gold are subject to 20% TDS. The TDS on the interest on bank deposits is only 10% for resident Indians, but NRIs have to cough up 30%.

If an NRI earns rent from property in India, the tenant has to deduct 30% TDS from the payment. The various procedures required add to the problems. NRIs need to submit Form 15 CA for remittance of their rental income. In certain cases, a certificate is also necessary wherein a chartered accountant certifies the details of the payment, TDS rate, and TDS deduction as per Section 195, if any DTAA (Double Tax Avoidance Agreement) is applicable, and other details of the remittance.

The TDS can be particularly painful for older individuals whose income doesn't fall in the tax net. Unlike resident Indians, NRIs cannot submit Form 15G or H to escape the TDS. Even a person earning less than `2.5 lakh a year will be subjected to 20-30% TDS.

How to avoid TDS

One way NRIs can avoid the high TDS is by being the second holder in joint investments. For all investments, the tax liability is always that of the first holder's. If the first holder is a resident Indian, the gain will not be subjected to any TDS. Similarly, if the NRI is the second holder in a property, the TDS will not apply unless the rent is above `50,000 a month.

Another way to escape tax is by investing in the name of adult children or spouse, if they have resident status. It is also a good idea to gift fixed deposits to major children or parents before going on an overseas assignment. NRIs are not allowed to hold resident fixed deposits. If one already holds a fixed deposit jointly with a resident family member, the bank may allow the deposit to be held till maturity, but not renew it further. If an NRI still wishes to hold a deposit jointly, then he can open an NRO (non-resident ordinary) savings account, with the resident family member as a second holder.

Mutual funds can be bought with the resident Indian as primary holder and the NRI as the joint holder. However, equities cannot be held jointly because NRIs who want to trade in the Indian stock markets have to register with a bank offering portfolio investment schemes. Keep in mind that the joint holding is only to escape TDS. Both investors and property owners would ultimately have to bear the tax liability on the income.

Claim tax benefits

Though NRIs are beaten by the TDS stick, they also get some carrots. The interest earned on NRE account is tax free and continues to be exempt for two years after the individual returns to India. It's best to retain deposits held in foreign currency in the NRE account to earn tax-free interest for two more years. After two years, when the tax status changes, these deposits can be moved to the regular savings account.