The booming real estate market had meant Kapil Kumar could manage to sell his house in Pune for a neat profit. He had bought the place with the idea that one day he would retire from his job and also from Mumbai. However, 10 years on, the price he was getting was something he hadn't even dreamt. Wanting to make hay while the sun shines, he completed the deal in record time. The only hitch that remained was the long term capital gains (LTCG) tax. And in this case, high profits meant higher tax. This set Kumar thinking of ways to save it.

He had heard that investing the profit back in real estate does help save tax. However, he didn't want to buy any property in the current market. A visit to his chartered accountant (CA) was, thus, warranted.

His CA told him the Income Tax Act exempts capital gains from the sale of a house if the taxpayer invests the same within two years from the date of sale, or constructs another house property within three years from the date of sale. If the entire capital gain is not used, proportionate deduction is also available.

So, Kumar has two years to buy a new house. However, what if by July 31, the last date for filing the tax return, he hasn't managed to found the right property? How does he convey to the income tax officials that he does, indeed, intend to buy a house within the time allotted to him and, hence, will not be paying tax on the capital gains earned during the year?

SPECIAL DEPOSIT

His CA informed him that in such situations, Kumar can keep the money in a special fixed deposit facility provided by the government. This facility is known as the Capital Gains Account Scheme (CGAS). Let us assume that Kumar earned long-term capital gains of 50 lakh from the sale of his Pune property. The tax at 20 per cent on this amount works out to be `10 lakh (the three per cent education cess has been ignored here for ease of understanding the concept). Section 54 offers exemption from this tax if he purchases within two years or constructs within three years a residential house costing 50 lakh. Prior to 1988, Kapil would have been required to pay the tax in the financial year during which the capital gains arose, even if he intended to buy or construct a house. After purchasing or constructing a house within the stipulated time frame, he could apply for the refund. When he'd actually receive the refund depended on the strength of his prayers. Among other things, it was inconvenient for the income tax authorities to dig up past records to verify the claim.

Fortunately, the tax department was aware of the problem. CGAS, introduced in 1988, eliminated the need to reopen the assessments for rectification. In effect, CGAS is a special account with banks or specified institutions, to be used when the amount of capital gain is not utilised for the purchase or construction of the new asset before the due date of furnishing return of income (Notification No. 724(E) dated June 22,1988).

If the amount deposited is not utilised fully for purchase or construction of the new asset within the stipulated period, the remaining part would be treated as capital gain of the year in which the period of three years from the date of sale of the original house expires.

FEATURES

There are two types of such accounts: Type-A, a savings deposit, and Type-B, a term deposit. Type-B can be either cumulative or non-cumulative. The interest rates will be the same as those applicable to the normal savings and term bank deposits.

The effective date for claiming exemption will be the date on which the bank receives the application, subject to realisation of cheque or draft. However, the interest will be payable from the date the cash is paid or the cheque or draft is realised.

Amounts are transferable from Type-A to Type-B and vice versa. For premature transfers from Type-B to Type-A, the normal penalties will be applicable.

Withdrawals can be made only from Type-A, by a declaration that the amount sought to be withdrawn is proposed to be utilised for the intended purpose. If the amount to be withdrawn exceeds `25,000, the bank will make the payment by way of a crossed demand draft drawn in favour of the person to whom the depositor intends to make the payment. Any such amount withdrawn must be utilised within 60 days. And the unutilised portion, if any, has to be re-deposited into CGAS.

KEEP IN MIND

While the many advantages of CGAS must be acknowledged, one should not ignore the several lacunae which also exist in this facility.