Most retail investors plan to grow their savings via investments, but most of them fail to grow the investments to their full potential. You can blame this on the common mistakes that retail investors make during the investment period. Here are some of them:

1) Lack of planning:

Investments are made indiscriminately across asset classes, overlooking the investment objective or risk appetite. A strong investment or financial plan addresses the goals or objectives to be achieved after a specific period of time. Here, if one is not well-versed with the nuances of financial planning, he/she should consult a financial planner.

2) Lack of diversification:

Often, investors put money only in one asset class, thereby losing the opportunity to benefit from better performing asset classes. For instance, in India, portfolios of most retail investors are locked in bank fixed deposits (FDs) instead of having a mix of mutual funds and FDs. The table here shows a diversified mutual fund portfolio of equity, debt and gold that provides higher returns than bank FDs over a 10-year period.

3) Impact of inflation:

Investors often ignore the effect of rising prices or inflation on their portfolio. This is especially important in a high growth and high-inflation economy such as India. For instance, if a bank FD gives 8% returns in a year when the inflation rate is 7% (average), the real rate of return for the investor is just 1% (8%-7%), which is insignificant. Investors can beat inflation only by investing in diversified products across the asset class spectrum.

4) Not starting early:

The adage 'early bird catches the worm' holds true in case of investing also. If a person starts investing early, he/she will be able to reap the benefits of compounding of returns to the maximum. For instance, Rs 1 lakh invested at the age of 35 years at the rate 10% per annum would grow to Rs 6.73 lakh in 20 years (55 years). However, the same amount if invested at the age of 25 at the same rate of interest would have grown to Rs 17.45 lakh. This is three times the growth seen from the money invested 10 years later. This is nothing but the power of compounding, which works to the advantage of those who start saving early.

5) Timing the market:

Financial markets tend to move in cycles — equities have a far shorter cycle compared to debt or other asset classes. A big mistake that investors make, especially in equities, is trying to time the market. However, the risk of loss is very high if calculations go wrong.

6) Investments based on tax planning:

As the financial year-end draws near, tax benefits overshadow pragmatic investment needs. Investors do not invest based on any goal or plan but only to save on tax. Investors must align their tax-saving investments according to their long-term investment plan. For instance, for young and relatively risk-averse investors, equity-linked savings schemes are a better alternative than debt instruments as equities have outperformed debt over the long term.

7) Lack of review and rebalancing:

Retail investors fail to review and rebalance their portfolios. They should track their investments at regular intervals to gauge the performance. Further, portfolios must be rebalanced to match the pre-defined asset allocation. Reviewing also helps to weed out non-performers in the portfolio.

8) Lack of insurance:

Insurance, both life and medical/health, should be an integral part of an investor's financial planning. This is because exigencies come unannounced and could be costly. A term plan may be preferred to an endowment or a money-back plan.

Best Performing Mutual Funds

1. Largecap Funds Invest Online
1. DSP BlackRock Top 100 Fund
2. ICICI Prudential Focused Blue Chip Fund
3. Birla Sun Life Front Line Equity Fund
2. Large and Midcap Funds Invest Online

1. ICICI Prudential Dynamic Plan
2. HDFC Top 200 Fund
3. UTI Dividend Yield Fund
2. Mid and SmallCap Funds Invest Online

1. Reliance Equity Opportunities Fund
2. DSP BlackRock Small & Midcap Fund
3. Sundaram Select Midcap
4. IDFC Premier Equity Fund
3. Small and MicroCap Funds Invest Online

1. DSP BlackRock MicroCap Fund
4. Sector Funds Invest Online

1. Reliance Banking Fund
2. Reliance Banking Fund
5. Tax Saver MutualFundsInvest Online
1. ICICI Prudential Tax Plan
2. HDFC Taxsaver
3. DSP BlackRock Tax Saver Fund
4. Reliance Tax Saver (ELSS) Fund
6. Gold Mutual Funds Invest Online

1. Relaince Gold Savings Fund
2. ICICI Prudential Regular Gold Savings Fund
3. HDFC Gold Fund